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LSI (n = 49)
Non-LSI (n = 176)
P value
Heart rate variability time domain analysis
aRR (mean ± SD)
704.58 ± 166.48
746.76 ± 141.49
0.302
sdRR (mean ± SD)
30.86 ± 31.20
34.71 ± 28.55
0.982
avHR (median, IQR)
97.33, 85.59–122.96
88.96, 83.47–96.40
0.029
sdHR (median, IQR)
2.03, 1.71–3.32
3.08, 1.88–4.53
0.899
RMSSD (mean ± SD)
17.03 ± 26.46
35.12 ± 148.41
0.278
NN50 (median, IQR)
0.00, 0.00–2.00
0.00, 0.00–13.75
0.043
pNN50 (median, IQR)
0.00, 0.00–0.45
0.00, 0.00–3.85
0.051
TINN (mean ± SD)
122.56 ± 93.47
150.75 ± 137.51
0.399
Heart rate variability frequency domain analysis
VLF (median, IQR)
58.50, 41.75–218.25
243.00, 132.00–396.00
0.416
LF ms2 (median, IQR)
15.50, 3.00–217.00
100.00, 60.00–262.00
0.072
HF ms2 (median, IQR)
4.50, 0.75–25.00
44.00, 21.00–167.00
0.011
LF norm (median, IQR)
89.05, 67.98–92.90
78.00, 50.30–84.00
0.128
HF norm (median, IQR)
10.95, 7.03–31.98
21.00, 16.00–49.30
0.128
LF/HF (median, IQR)
8.11, 3.32–13.26
4.52, 1.02–5.62
0.147
TP (median, IQR)
76.00, 46.50–504.25
454.00, 275.00–713.00
0.175
Heart rate complexity non-linear analysis
Poincare plot SD1(mean ± SD)
12.01 ± 18.76
17.49 ± 25.03
0.257
Poincare plot SD2 (mean ± SD)
41.34 ± 40.65
43.42 ± 31.65
0.545
Approximate entropy (mean ± SD)
1.00 ± 0.25
1.09 ± 0.15
0.001
Sample entropy (mean ± SD)
1.13 ± 0.45
1.39 ± 0.38
0.144
DFA-α1 (mean ± SD)
1.24 ± 0.39
1.12 ± 0.31
0.045
DFA-α2 (median, IQR)
1.09, 0.93–1.68
1.00, 0.89–1.11
0.027
IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation, aRR average width of the RR intervals in electrocardiograms, sdRR standard deviation of all RR intervals in electrocardiograms, avHR mean of the instantaneous heart rate in electrocardiograms, sdHR standard deviation of the instantaneous heart rate in electrocardiograms, RMSSD root mean square of differences between adjacent RR intervals in electrocardiograms, NN50 number of consecutive RR intervals differing by more than 50 ms in electrocardiograms, pNN50 percentage of consecutive RR intervals differing by more than 50 ms in electrocardiograms, TINN baseline width of a triangle fit into the RR interval histogram using a least squares technique in electrocardiograms, VLF very low frequency power in electrocardiograms, LF low frequency power in electrocardiograms, HF high frequency power in electrocardiograms, norm normalised, LF /HF ratio of LF power to HF power in electrocardiograms, TP total power derived from variance of all RR intervals in electrocardiograms, DFA detrended fluctuation analysis
